3d打印軟件智能材料輔助建筑設(shè)計(jì)／有機(jī)建筑原型設(shè)計(jì)工具

智能材料輔助建筑設(shè)計(jì)／有機(jī)建筑原型設(shè)計(jì)工具
有機(jī)建筑的原型設(shè)計(jì)工具

近年來，F(xiàn)rank Gehry、Norman Foster 以及許多建筑師們以有機(jī)表面來設(shè)計(jì)許多建筑物的造型。在他們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)發(fā)展的過程中，至關(guān)重要的是使用 3D CAD 系統(tǒng)來建構(gòu)模型，以及用電腦影像技術(shù)去渲染最后的成果來控制最后的形體。然而，設(shè)計(jì)師習(xí)慣於透過真實(shí)模型的掌控來控制這些造型與空間；因此，將虛擬的部分具體呈現(xiàn)的需求就產(chǎn)生了，3D Printer 的使用正是為此。然而目前 3D Printing 的輸出仍然需要非常長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間等待。除此之外，以塑膠或是樹酯輸出的模型，是不利於快速修改與重新設(shè)計(jì)的。
Prototyping Tool for Organic Architecture
Recently Frank Gehry, Norman Foster and many other architects produce buildings with organic surface shapes. In their design process, it is essential to model and render the buildings using 3D CAD systems and CG in order to grasp the shapes.However, Architectural designers tend to like grasping shapes and spaces through physical models in real space. Due to this, an additional process is required to materialize the virtual models into tangible ones. 3D printers are used for the purpose. Although the current 3D printers requires a long hours to output models in many cases. Besides, 3D Printers use plaster or resin to output models, so that it is difficult to quickly modify and redesign them.

智慧材料輔助建筑設(shè)計(jì)
我們的目標(biāo)是在電腦輔助建筑設(shè)計(jì)的框架下（CAAD／Computer Aided Architectural Design）使用智慧材料來輔助。SMAAD是 "智慧材料輔助設(shè)計(jì)（Smart Material Aided Architectural Design）" 或是 "形狀記憶合金輔助建筑設(shè)計(jì)（Shape Memory Alloy Aided Architectural Design）" 的縮寫。SMAAD Surface 是SMAAD的第一個(gè)實(shí)踐出來的原型設(shè)計(jì)。
Smart Material Aided Architectural Design
Our approach is to use smart materials in the process of CAAD (Computer Aided Architecural Design). SMAAD is the abbreviated form of “Smart Material Aided Architectural Design” or “Shape Memory Alloy Aided Architectural Design”. SMAAD Surface is an instance of SMAAD which is implemented as a first prototype.

另一個(gè)可程式設(shè)計(jì)的表面
SMAAD Surface 使用纖維形狀記憶合金（SMA／Shape Memory Alloy）作為輸入、輸出的裝置。透過引用 Surflex 的技術(shù)（第一個(gè)可程式設(shè)計(jì)的表面［Coelho et.al 08］），我們改善了形狀維持、形狀紀(jì)錄、播放和反饋迴路之於任意曲面形狀的能力。這種織物的功能作為一種智慧材料的使用，設(shè)計(jì)者可以直接手動(dòng)修改它的造型并聯(lián)動(dòng)到虛擬。如我們所知的，flex sensor 偵測(cè)織物的形狀，驅(qū)動(dòng)器則是用來維持造型，這樣設(shè)計(jì)師就可以用手動(dòng)的方式來建立自由形體的表面。這一個(gè)表面的形狀會(huì)透過一個(gè)微控制器將數(shù)位資料送到 3D CAD 程式，上傳之后所有造型的修改也是以相同的方式同步更新。同樣的方式，如果數(shù)位的資料在 3D CAD 程式中修改了，這些資料將會(huì)被送到實(shí)體的模型，模型會(huì)依照這些數(shù)位資料進(jìn)行形變。
Yet Another Programmable Surface
SMAAD Surface is a fabric input/output device that uses fibrous shape memory alloy (SMA). By referencing Surflex (the first programmable surface [Coelho et.al 08]), we have improved the ability to maintain, record and play back arbitrary surface shapes through feed-back loop. This fabric functions as a smart material and designers can modify its shape through manual operations. As the flex sensor detects the fabric shape and the actuator works to maintain the shape, a designer can model the fabric shape as if he/she manually models a free-form surface.The surface shape is sent to a 3D CAD through a microcontroller and the digital data can be modified in the same manner as the shape of the fabric device. In the same way, if the digital data is modified in the 3D CAD, the command is sent to the fabric device so that the fabric shape can be modified to follow the digital data.




真實(shí)環(huán)境裡的取消與重做功能
改變表面造型的資料是不斷的從 flex sensor 傳來并且儲(chǔ)存在紀(jì)錄裡供系統(tǒng)回放。這樣允許模型提供取消／重做（UNDO/REDO）的操作。使用這樣的功能，回顧模型建構(gòu)的過程將有機(jī)會(huì)被實(shí)踐。
UNDO and REDO function in real-space
The surface shape data sent continuously from the flex sensor is saved as operation history and used for the operation replay.This allows the UNDO/REDO operations of the modeling. With this function, a new function to relive the modeling process may also be realized.

動(dòng)態(tài)建筑
操作的紀(jì)錄與回放功能，也可以做為動(dòng)作設(shè)計(jì)的記錄與再現(xiàn)，分成接下來的兩個(gè)步驟來執(zhí)行。第一階段，從 flex sensor 記錄一段時(shí)間的資訊。第二階段是以 SMA 來重現(xiàn)同一區(qū)間內(nèi)的操作。這樣的功能將提供適合動(dòng)態(tài)建筑的設(shè)計(jì)環(huán)境，例如 Hyposurface (Goulthorpe and dECOi, 2000) 或是 The Muscle Projects (Oosterhuis et al., 2008)，這些案子都是近年來引起廣泛的注意。
Kinetic Architecture
The operation history saving and replay are also available as the function to record and reproduce motion design, executed in the two steps below. In the first step, the direct operations sent from the flex sensor are recorded in a certain period of time. In the next step, the recorded motion is applied to SMA in the same period of time to reproduce the motion. This function will be used for the design environment of kinetic architecture such as Hyposurface(Goulthorpe and dECOi, 2000) or The Muscle Projects(Oosterhuis et al., 2008), which are attracting attention in recent years.

一個(gè)可程式設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)體／立即成形的原型
日前，我們成功的連接四組織物裝置。將來，如果可以連接數(shù)個(gè)到數(shù)十個(gè)設(shè)備，它將有機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)展成各式各樣的形狀。這意味著，SMAAD 有機(jī)會(huì)作為設(shè)計(jì)系統(tǒng)前期的快速成形系統(tǒng)。等待 3D Printer 的時(shí)間將不再必要，因?yàn)榱⒓纯刂瓶焖俪尚蔚募夹g(shù)將不再遙不可及。
A Programmable Matter for Immediate Prototyping
At present, we succeeded in connecting four fabric devices. In the future, if several dozens of the devices can be connected, it will be possible to actuate versatile shapes. This means that the SMAAD functions as a rapid prototyping system beyond design systems. Ling time to wait for the output from the 3D printer will not be necessary anymore and immediate prototyping will be possible to grasp shapes in a moment.
w文/朗朗設(shè)計(jì)